Thursday, March 24, 2011

A Short Commentary on Judges 2:11-3:8


        1. Israel Forsakes the LORD and Serves the Baals 
           and Ashtaroth (2:11-13)

            After the death of Joshua, the sons of Israel forsook 
            the LORD and served the Baals and Ashtaroth.

            Baal: Baal refers to the Canaanite storm god Hadad. 
            Hadad was the god of storms, rain, and agriculture 
            who was related to the Mesopotamian god Adad. 
            The word is in the plural in this passage because 
            various locations had local manifestations of the 
            same god.[1]

            Astarte: Ashtaroth is the plural form of Astarte. 
            This pagan deity was the goddess of sexual love, 
            fertility and war, and was represented by the 
            evening star. She was depicted as the consort of 
            Baal.[2]

       2. The LORD Punishes Israel (2:14-15)

            2:14 The anger of the LORD burned against Israel, 
           and He gave them into the hands of plunderers who 
           plundered them; and He sold them into the hands 
           of their enemies around them, so that they could 
           no longer stand before their enemies. 
           2:15 Wherever they went, the hand of the LORD 
           was against them for evil, as the LORD had spoken 
           and as the LORD had sworn to them, so that they 
           were severely distressed.

        3. A Summary of the Period of the Judges (2:16-19)

            The time of the Judges was cyclical in nature. The 
             people would do evil in the sight of the LORD, 
             and then God would punish them. When the 
             people repented and cried out to God, He sent 
             deliverance in the form of a judge. After the 
             judge delivered the people, they soon feel into 
            apostasy once more. This cycle is repeated over 
            and over in the Book of Judges.

        4. The LORD's Anger Burns Against Israel (2:20-23)

            • Many of the peoples were not driven out of the 
              land in order to test Israel (vv. 21-23).

        5. The Nations that the LORD Left in the Land to Test 
            Israel (3:1-8)

            • The five lords of the Philistines, the Sidonians, Hittites, 
               Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jerusites (vv. 3, 5) 
               Additionally, the Israelites began to intermarry with 
               these people and did evil by serving their gods (vv. 6-7)
           
            • The LORD punished the sons of Israel by making 
               them serve Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, 
               for eight years (v. 8).


[1] Walton, Matthews, and Chavalas, The IVP Background Commentary: Old Testament, 246.
[2] Wolf, "Judges," 394-95.

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